4,299 research outputs found

    Design elements that influence the participation of solvers in innovation contests

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    This study analyzes all of the innovation contests, also known as crowdsourcing contests, posted on the Inocrowd platform. Inocrowd is an open innovation intermediary firm, based in Portugal, that hosts crowdsourcing contests for firms, called “seekers” looking to solve innovation challenges. The main aim of this study is to examine to what extent some design elements of crowdsourcing contests can influence the participation of “solvers” in these contests. The design elements considered in this study are the monetary award amount, the project type, the platform maturity and the anonymity of “seeker” firms. We then created a mathematical model that can be used to predict the participation of “solvers” in crowdsourcing contests, based on the design elements examined. This paper contributes to the growing research field of open innovation, particularly crowdsourcing contests hosted by intermediary firms, and will provide managers with a framework for designing innovation contests with more participation.Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar todos os concursos de inovação, ou concursos de crowdsourcing, colocados na plataforma Inocrowd. A Inocrowd e um intermediário de inovação aberta, sediada em Portugal, que coloca concursos de crowdsourcing para empresas, conhecidas como ”seekers”, que procuram resolver desafios de inovação. O objetivo primário deste estudo é examinar até que ponto alguns elementos de design destes concursos de inovação influenciam a participação de investigadores, de nome “solvers”, nestes concursos. Os elementos de design considerados nesta investigação são a valor do prémio monetário, o tipo de projeto, a maturidade da plataforma e o anonimato dos “seekers”. Um modelo matemático foi desenvolvido no âmbito de prever a participação dos “solvers” nos concursos de crowdsourcing colocados na plataforma Inocrowd, baseado nos elementos de design examinados. Este estudo contribui para área de pesquisa crescente que e a Inovação aberta, particularmente na área dos concursos de crowdsourcing colocados por intermediários de inovação, tendo como objetivo fornecer aos gestores uma estrutura para criar concursos de inovação com mais participação

    Instability of nonminimally coupled scalar fields in the spacetime of slowly rotating compact objects

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    Nonminimally coupled free scalar fields may be unstable in the spacetime of compact objects. Such instability can be triggered by classical seeds or, more simply, by quantum fluctuations giving rise to the so-called {\em vacuum awakening effect}. Here, we investigate how the parameter space which characterizes the instability is affected when the object gains some rotation. For this purpose, we focus on the stability analysis of nonminimally coupled scalar fields in the spacetime of slowly spinning matter shells.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

    Quantum versus classical instability of scalar fields in curved backgrounds

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    General-relativistic stable spacetimes can be made unstable under the presence of certain nonminimally coupled free scalar fields. In this paper, we analyze the evolution of linear scalar-field perturbations in spherically symmetric spacetimes and compare the classical stability analysis with a recently discussed quantum field one. In particular, it is shown that vacuum fluctuations lead to natural seeds for the unstable phase, whereas in the classical framework the presence of such seeds in the initial conditions must be assumed.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure; condensed and revised version matching published on

    Strategies for the stabilization and preservation of prosthetic heart valves

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    Every year around 60000 heart valve replacements are performed in the USA alone and more than 250000 worldwide. Valve replacement involves two major types: the mechanical valves (MHVs) and biological valves (BHVs), while MHVs are more durable they require long term anti coagulation treatment. Biological valves possess the inherent capacity to be much more compat ible with the human physiology, using crosslinking agents like glutaraldehyde (GLUT), it is possi ble to increase durability of the tissue by making it stiffer. This process involves the use of tissues like pericardium from animals like cows and pigs or even the autologous from the patient, after crosslinking these tissues are then mounted on stents which are inserted into the heart to replace the old valve. The problem is that through calcification processes these valves can only last at most 15 years average. In this work, the development of an easy and fast method to crosslink pericardium using other agents besides glutaraldehyde such as sodium periodate or a carbodiimide system (EDC/NHS) is proposed. In order to optimize the process, the reactions were studied in a range of times and concentrations. Mechanical behavior was studied using a tensile tests and it is im portant to emphasize that was possible to obtain better samples than when using GLUT cross linking. Chemical studies of the tissue involved FTIR-ATR, NMR and HPIC of hydrolyzed tissue to determine which amino acids reacted with the crosslinking agents. Morphological analysis in volved the use of SEM in order to see the arrangement of the collagen fibres present in the peri cardium tissue. Assays mimicking in vivo calcification were performed by immersing samples in SBF solution for 7 days. On a second phase the addition of hyaluronic acid to the tissue is studied while periodate or EDC crosslinking is taking place. Generally, it is possible to conclude a much greater resistance to calcification processes maintaining good biomechanical properties or in some cases improving.Todos os anos são realizados em média 60000 transplantes de válvulas cardíacas nos Estados Unidos apenas e mais de 250000 no mundo inteiro. A substituição de válvulas envolve dois tipos: as válvulas mecânicas e as válvulas biológicas, enquanto as mecânicas possuem uma maior durabilidade exigem que o paciente tome anticoagulantes durante o resto da sua vida. As válvulas biológicas têm a capacidade inerente de serem muito mais compatíveis com a fisiologia humana, utilizando agentes de fixação como glutaraldeído (GLUT) é possível aumentar a sua durabilidade, fazendo com que estas fiquem mais rijas. Este processo envolve o uso de tecidos como o pericárdio vindo de animais como vacas ou porcos ou até mesmo utilizando o pericárdio autógolo vindo do próprio paciente. Após o processo de reticulação o tecido é montado numa prótese que é inserida no coração de modo a substituir a válvula antiga. O problema surge quando devido a calcificações na válvula a durabilidade destas é de apenas 15 anos em média. Neste trabalho pretendemos desenvolver um método rápido e fácil de reticulação de pericárdio recorrendo a agentes de fixação para além do glutaraldeído, neste caso metaperiodato de sódio ou uma carbodiimida como por exemplo EDC/NHS. As reações foram estudadas ao longo do tempo e usando duas concentrações. Através de estudos de tração foram realizados verificou-se que algumas amostras apresentavam melhores resultados do que quando se utiliza GLUT. Estudos químicos do tecido fizeram-se através de FTIR-ATR, NMR e HPIC do tecido hidrolisado por forma a determinar que aminoácidos reagiram mais com os agentes de fixação. Análise morfológica efetuou-se através de SEM de modo a observar o rearranjo das fibras de colagénio presentes no tecido de pericárdio. Ensaios biomiméticos de calcificação in vivo fizeram-se imerjindo as amostras numa solução de SBF durante 7 dias. Numa segunda fase adicionou-se ácido hialurónico ao tecido ao mesmo tempo que os agentes de fixação (periodato e EDC/NHS), isto permitiu obter tecido mais resistentes à calcificação e ao mesmo tempo manter as propriedades biomecânicas ou até mesmo nalguns casos haver melhorias

    A Mobile Healthcare Solution for Ambient Assisted Living Environments

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    Elderly people need regular healthcare services and, several times, are dependent of physicians’ personal attendance. This dependence raises several issues to elders, such as, the need to travel and mobility support. Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) and Mobile Health (m-Health) services and applications offer good healthcare solutions that can be used both on indoor and in mobility environments. This dissertation presents an ambient assisted living (AAL) solution for mobile environments. It includes elderly biofeedback monitoring using body sensors for data collection offering support for remote monitoring. The used sensors are attached to the human body (such as the electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and temperature). They collect data providing comfort, mobility, and guaranteeing efficiency and data confidentiality. Periodic collection of patients’ data is important to gather more accurate measurements and to avoid common risky situations, like a physical fall may be considered something natural in life span and it is more dangerous for senior people. One fall can out a life in extreme cases or cause fractures, injuries, but when it is early detected through an accelerometer, for example, it can avoid a tragic outcome. The presented proposal monitors elderly people, storing collected data in a personal computer, tablet, or smartphone through Bluetooth. This application allows an analysis of possible health condition warnings based on the input of supporting charts, and real-time bio-signals monitoring and is able to warn users and the caretakers. These mobile devices are also used to collect data, which allow data storage and its possible consultation in the future. The proposed system is evaluated, demonstrated and validated through a prototype and it is ready for use. The watch Texas ez430-Chronos, which is capable to store information for later analysis and the sensors Shimmer who allow the creation of a personalized application that it is capable of measuring biosignals of the patient in real time is described throughout this dissertation

    Implementação de redes 5G baseadas em código aberto

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    Recently, a growth of mobile networks, from a huge connection of only a few devices, to the need for constant maintenance with support even with different technological needs. This requires increasing the capacity of networks to respond to user needs, increasing connection speeds and decreasing latencies. In many cases, the demand for the capabilities offered by the new generation of mobile networks, 5G, remains unanswered with conventional structures, especially in urban areas. As a viable option for these needs, the use of small cells emerged. The use of this equipment is facilitated due to the flexibility offered by the architecture of 5G mobile networks that facilitate the division of the same into functional units with a virtual implementation, thus helping to spread the coverage area. The growing interest in 5G mobile networks and the immense possibilities they offer have given rise to projects focused on the development of 5G mobile networks that are made available for consultation and use by the interested community. These networks are mostly implemented in a virtual way, with the exception of the component responsible for the emission of the radio signal, where some options will be presented for this purpose during the course of the dissertation. As a target of study and evaluation of the state of development and usefulness throughout this dissertation, OpenAirInterface was chosen from among these open-source projects. The complete implementation of the same is presented and described, as well as the tests carried out in order to determine which are the functional bandwidths and which are the options for optimizing its operation. To conclude the work carried out, the results and balance of these tests are presented in the form of speed and latency tests in various bandwidths, verification of occupancy of the same, flexibility in modifying the emission frequency, as well as the result of a test of connecting elements of mobile networks developed by different open-source projects as a way of evaluating the flexibility of these networks.Recentemente temos assistido a um crescimento enorme de redes móveis, desde a conexão de apenas alguns dispositivos, até à necessidade de manter ligação constante com múltiplos equipamentos com necessidades tecnológicas diferentes. Isto requer o aumento da capacidade das redes para dar resposta às necessidades dos utilizadores, aumentar velocidades de conexão e diminuir latências. Em muitos casos, a procura pelas capacidades oferecidas pela nova geração de redes móveis, o 5G, continua sem resposta com as estruturas convencionais, especialmente em áreas urbanas. Como opção viável para essas necessidades, surgiu o uso de small cells. O uso desse equipamento é facilitado devido à flexibilidade oferecida pela arquitetura de redes móveis 5G que facilitam a divisão da mesma em unidades funcionais com uma implementação virtual ajudando assim à propagação da área de cobertura. O interesse crescente de redes móveis 5G e as imensas possibilidades que as mesmas oferecem, fizeram surgir projetos focados no desenvolvimento de redes móveis 5G que são colocados disponíveis para consulta e uso da comunidade interessada. Estes redes são maioritariamente implementadas de forma virtual à exceção do componente responsável pela emissão do sinal rádio, onde serão apresentadas algumas opções para o efeito no decorrer da dissertação. Como alvo de estudo e avaliação do estado de desenvolvimento e utilidade ao longo desta dissertação, foi escolhida a OpenAirInterface de entre esses projetos open-source. É apresentada e descrita a implementação completa da mesma, assim como os testes efetuados no sentido de apurar quais as larguras de banda funcionais e quais as opções de otimização de funcionamento da mesma. Para concluir o trabalho realizado, é apresentado o resultado e balanço desses testes na forma de testes de velocidade e latência em várias larguras de banda, verificação de ocupação da mesma, flexibilidade em modificar a frequência de emissão, assim como o resultado de um teste de conexão de elementos de redes móveis desenvolvidos por projetos open-source diferentes como forma de avaliar a flexibilidade destas redes.Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicaçõe
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